Redwood Energy serves as the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) OEM and offers a comprehensive suite of products and services:

• Energy Storage Products and Services: DC Block, AC Block, Energy Management System, Commissioning, Full Turnkey EPC, Operations and Maintenance

• Advanced Energy Management: Redwood can provide a next-generation EMS platform purpose-built for GW-scale powered land serving AI factories, functionally equivalent to an ISO platform. It manages battery dispatch, coordinates with on-site generation, and optimizes grid imports and exports in real time. The controls platform integrates seamlessly with on-site renewables, gas generation, and hyperscale AI loads at multi-hundred-MW to multi-GW scale.

• Flexible Sales Models: Equipment Sales & Long-Term Service Agreement (guaranteeing system capacity) or Power Purchase/Tolling Agreement (selling energy or power as a service), where Redwood assumes operational responsibility and performance risk.

One advantage of Redwood’s approach to BESS is speed—by preserving battery packs in their original form, we avoid much of the reengineering and permitting that slows traditional storage projects. On a typical project, PO to commissioning can be as short as 6 months.

Yes, Redwood Energy's BESS are eligible for federal tax credits.

The overall site footprint of a medium voltage Redwood Energy BESS including batteries, inverters, transformers, access roads, etc. is approximately 25 MWh/acre.

The core technology behind Redwood Energy's BESS is the Pack Manager: a universal translator that enables seamless integration of any EV battery pack into a modular energy storage system that can deliver power to AI data centers, the grid, and other industrial, grid-scale applications. This enables us to be OEM, voltage, chemistry, and cell architecture agnostic and take advantage of the variety of EV packs we have and will continue to receive from the vehicle fleet in the coming years.

By utilizing electric vehicle battery packs, we are using batteries that are overdesigned for energy storage applications. These batteries were designed for fast charge and discharge applications while having to survive 100,000 miles of trying road conditions. In energy storage systems, they operate at charging and discharging rates roughly one-tenth of their original design capacity, creating far gentler operating conditions that preserve battery health and maximize longevity.

Redwood Energy offers a capacity maintenance agreement on our BESS, ensuring fixed energy and power outputs over the life of the agreement. Our design anticipates the variable nature of second-life batteries and their replacement schedules based upon contracted cycles per year. Our modular system enables easy replacement over the life of the agreement where each pack can be replaced individually without taking the DC blocks offline.

Redwood actively monitors the health of every battery pack in our systems. When a pack shows signs of degradation, we replace it while the system remains online, ensuring uninterrupted performance and operations of the system. This is in contrast to traditional container solutions, which are taken offline to replace batteries or require augmenting sites in later years by adding more containers with more intensive project site construction.

Redwood Energy's BESS are chemistry- and cell form factor-agnostic, meaning we can accept a wide variety of electric vehicle battery packs. While much of the material we currently receive is NMC-based, we anticipate this mix will evolve over time as more electric vehicles with LFP battery packs reach end-of-life. Because we repurpose EV battery packs from multiple OEMs, our storage solutions include a mix of cell formats, tailored to the available feedstock and optimized through our Pack Manager technology for seamless integration and performance.

Our national logistics network recovers more than 70% of lithium-ion battery packs from across North America, which are safely stored and prepared for testing. Then, through a mechanical inspection and advanced power electronics, every battery is evaluated through Redwood’s in-house platform to determine suitability for reuse in battery energy storage systems versus recycling.

Our BESS are designed for safety across multiple dimensions:

• Rather than concentrating battery modules in tightly packed containers, Redwood uses a passive fire prevention strategy. In the unlikely event that one pack catches fire, our solution guarantees it cannot propagate.

• EV batteries are built to handle the intense demands of automotive use: rapid charging and high-power acceleration. In energy storage systems, they operate at charging and discharging rates roughly one-tenth of their original design capacity, creating far gentler operating conditions that preserve battery health and maximize longevity.

• Our open-air design eliminates the need for complex HVAC systems, which greatly reduces complexity, cost, and risk of failure in cooling loops

We will have tens of GWh of battery capacity in the coming years and quadruple our supply in less than two years.

We source battery packs from multiple partnership channels and work with nearly every major automotive and battery OEM. Today, Redwood receives and processes over 70% of the lithium-ion batteries recycled in North America.

Redwood Energy's BESS can serve multiple customer applications across diverse sectors. The same system can simultaneously provide multiple revenue streams through value stacking—combining services such as demand charge reduction, frequency regulation, renewable firming, and backup power. Some examples of customer applications include:

• Data Centers: Primary long-duration storage, microgrid backbone for 24/7 islanded operation, or replacement for legacy diesel generators

• Renewable Energy Projects: Balance supply and demand, support integration of intermittent wind and solar generation

• Industrial Facilities: Backup power, frequency regulation, demand charge reduction through peak shaving

• Utilities and Grid Operators: Grid-forming capacity, frequency regulation, transmission congestion relief

Interconnection and transmission upgrade timelines commonly extend multiple years, with an estimated 2,300 GW stuck in queues nationwide. BESS offer multiple pathways to accelerate power delivery:

• Earlier Revenue Generation: Enable phased operations and revenue while infrastructure upgrades are completed

• Microgrid Configuration: When paired with on-site generation, batteries allow facilities to operate entirely off-grid, either bypassing interconnection queues completely or providing bridging power while waiting for permanent grid connection

• Load Management Strategies: Data centers may be able to work with utilities or grid operators to use battery systems as distributed energy solutions that provide grid flexibility, potentially enabling earlier interconnection approval by helping manage grid constraints

Redwood Energy advantages:

• Systems deployed as quickly as 6 months

• Significantly lower cost than conventional systems

• Seamless transition to long-term roles (backup power, demand charge reduction, renewable firming) once permanent grid connection arrives